School of Engineering \ Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering
	
	
	
 
				
	Course Credit
	ECTS Credit
	Course Type
	Instructional Language
 
				
				
	Programs that can take the course
	
	
	
 
	Can be taken as faculty elective course by the other engineering departments
	
	
	
 
				
	This course focuses on fundamental topics such as atomic structure, interatomic bonding, crystal structures of solids, defects in solids, diffusion and diffusion mechanisms, mechanical properties of metals, dislocations and strengthening mechanisms, ductile and brittle fracture, fatigue, creep, and phase diagrams and transformations. 
	
	
	
 
				
	Textbook and / or References
	
	
	
 
	Materials Science and Engineering, W. Callister, D. Rethwisch, 8th Edition, Nobel Academic Publishing, 2013 Supplementary Resources • The Science and Engineering of Materials, D. Askeland, P. Fulay, W. Wright, Cengage Learning • The principles of engineering materials, Barrett, Nix
	
	
	
 
				
	Establishing the basic infrastructure in establishing the relationship between material, synthesis/production structure (atomic, crystal, micro and macro structures) properties (mechanical) and performance. As part of the course, conveying basic information on the following topics covered in the MBN 201L laboratory course: Demonstrating material testing methods and some basic events and gaining practical laboratory experience on this subject; Sample preparation for microstructure examination, sampling, embedding in plastic, sanding, polishing and etching, examination under a light microscope. Mechanical tests: Tensile, Hardness, Torsion, Fatigue, Impact. 
	
	
	
 
				
	
					
						1. Gain foundational knowledge in materials science.
					
						2. Understand the general applications of different materials.
					
						3. Establish a connection between material properties, microstructure, performance, and synthesis/production.
					
						4. Relate physical and mechanical properties of materials to their structure.
					
						5. Develop an understanding of phase transformations in materials.
					
						6. Acquire fundamental knowledge about diffusion in materials.
					
						7. Grasp the fundamental principles of material testing methods and laboratory applications in MBN 201L, including: Sample preparation for microstructure examination (sampling, embedding, grinding, polishing, etching, and light microscopy). Mechanical testing: Tensile, Hardness, Torsion, Fatigue, and Impact tests.
					
				
	
	
	
 
				
	Week 1: Introduction to Materials Science and Nanotechnology Applications with Information on Course Content and Procedure
Week 2: Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonds
Week 3: Crystal Structures in Solids and Determination of Crystal Structures by X-Ray Diffraction
Week 4: Defects in Solids
Week 5: Basic Concepts and Examination Methods of Microscopy
Week 6: Diffusion
Week 7: Mechanical Properties of Metals
Week 8: Dislocations and Strength Enhancing Mechanisms
Week 9: Damage 
Week 10: Phase Diagrams
Week 11: Fe-C System
Week 12: Phase Transformations
	
	
	
 
				
				
					
					
						
							
								
									| Tentative Assesment Methods | 
								
								
									| Activities | 
									Number | 
									Weight (%) | 
								
							
							
								
									
										| Course Attendance/Participation | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Laboratory | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Application | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Homework | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Project | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Presentation | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Field Work | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Internship | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Course Boards | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Quiz | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Midterm Exam | 
										2 | 
										60% | 
									
								
									
										| Final Exam | 
										1 | 
										40% | 
									
								
							
							
								
									 | 
									Total | 
									100% | 
								
							
						
						
						
							
								
									| Tentative ECTS-Workload Table | 
								
								
									| Activities | 
									Number/Weeks | 
									Duration (Hours) | 
									Workload | 
								
							
							
								
									
										| Course Hours (first 6 weeks) | 
										6 | 
										4 | 
										24 | 
									
								
									
										| Course Hours (last 6 weeks) | 
										6 | 
										3 | 
										18 | 
									
								
									
										| Laboratory | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Application | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Homework | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Project | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Presentation | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Field Work | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Internship | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Course Boards | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Preparation for Quiz | 
										- | 
										- | 
										- | 
									
								
									
										| Preparation for Midterm Exam | 
										2 | 
										32 | 
										64 | 
									
								
									
										| Final Exam | 
										1 | 
										2 | 
										2 | 
									
								
									
										| Preparation for Final Exam | 
										1 | 
										34 | 
										34 | 
									
								
									
										| Study Hours Out of Class (preliminary work, reinforcement, etc.) | 
										12 | 
										2 | 
										24 | 
									
								
							
							
								
									| Total Workload |  |  | 
									166 | 
								
								
									| Total Workload / 30 |  |  | 
									166 / 30 | 
								
								
									 |  |  | 
									5.533333 | 
								
								
									| ECTS Credits of the Course |  |  | 
									6 | 
								
							
						
					
				
			
				
					
						
							 | 
							
								Program Outcome
								**
							 | 
						
						
							
								| 1 | 
							
								2 | 
							
								3 | 
							
								4 | 
							
								5 | 
							
								6 | 
							
								7 | 
							
								8 | 
							
								9 | 
							
								10 | 
							
								11 | 
							
						
					
					
						| 
							Course Outcome
						 | 
						
							
								| 1 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 2 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 3 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 4 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 5 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 6 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
							
						
							
								| 7 | 
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
										
										
										
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												C
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
											
										
										
										
											
										
											
												
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
											
												A, B
											 | 
										
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 | 
										
									
								
									
									
									
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
										
										
										
										
											
										
											
										
									
									
									
										
										
										
											 |