HUK116

School of Law \ Law

2

3

Compulsory

Turkish

-

Law

The nature of the state, its historical development, and various philosophical-ideological approaches are examined, with particular focus on the views of political thinkers regarding the state, analyzed within both historical and theoretical frameworks. The course analyzes key concepts such as monarchy, democracy, republic, sovereignty, separation of powers, rule of law, and constitutional state, while also considering the impact of the social, political, and economic conditions of the thinkers' eras on their ideas.

"Ağaoğulları, Mehmet Ali. İmparatorluktan Tanrı Devletine. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 1991.
—. Kent Devletinden İmparatorluğa. Ankara: İmge Yayınevi, 1994.Bakırcı, F. (2008). Thomas Hobbes'ta Sözleşmenin Kökeni Akıl mıdır? Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63(3), 1-48.
Bakırcı, F. (2004). John Locke'ta Mülkiyet Anlayışı. Ankara: Babil Yayınları.
Buckley, Terry. Aspects of Greek History: 750-323. Londra ve New York: Routledge, 2010.
Catlin, George. A History of Political Philosophers. London: Bradford and Dickens, 1950.Şenel, Alaeddin. Siyasal Düşünceler Tarihi: tarihöncesinde ilkçağda ortaçağda ve yeniçağda toplum ve siyasal düşünüş. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Yayınları, 1982.
Tekin, Oğuz. Eski Yunan ve Roma Tarihine Giriş. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2008.
Thorley, John. Athenian Democracy. Londra ve New York: Rotledge, 2004.
Torun, Yıldırım. Hukuk Felsefesi. Ankara: Orion Yayınevi, 2012.
Wacks, Raymond. Hukuk Felsefesine Kısa Bir Giriş. Çeviren Engin Arıkan. İstanbul: Tekin Yayıncılık, 2017."

The aim of this course is to help students understand the transformation of the state throughout history and how it has been addressed from different ideological and philosophical perspectives. By evaluating the views of political thinkers on the state within the social, political, and economic conditions of their time, the course seeks to develop students' critical and analytical perspectives on the concept of the state. Additionally, the course aims to contribute to students' understanding of how key concepts related to the structure and functioning of the state have been shaped in historical context and the debates that emerged during this process.

1. Has a comprehensive understanding of the historical development, nature, and different philosophical-ideological approaches to the state.
2. Compares the views of political thinkers on the state by relating them to the social, political, and economic conditions of their time.
3. Defines and is proficient in the key concepts of the state, especially sovereignty, monarchy, democracy, republic, separation of powers, rule of law, and constitutional state.
4. Recognizes and distinguishes state theories in the context of different political systems and forms of governance.
5. Conducts individual and/or group research on state theories and the views of political thinkers, applying scientific writing standards and presenting their work.
6. Recognizes that political thoughts are not independent of time and space, and they are shaped by changing conditions in historical processes.
7. Applies historical analysis and comparative methods in conceptual and theoretical discussions on the state.
8. Critically compares the concepts of the state that emerged in different periods and relates them to contemporary state models.
9. Is proficient in the concepts and arguments developed by political thinkers on state theories and applies them in connection with contemporary political structures.
10. Recognizes and distinguishes the ongoing debates on state theories from the past to the present and makes predictions about contemporary political philosophy and state structures.

Week 1: Conceptual Analysis of the Content of General Public Law
Week 2: The State (Polis) and Democracy in Ancient Greece
Week 3: Mythological Thought, Philosophy of Nature, Sophists, and Socrates
Week 4: Plato's Ideal State and the Second Best State
Week 5: Aristotle's Political Thoughts
Week 6: Stoicism, Republic, and Empire in Rome
Week 7: Separation of Powers and Rule of Law in Polybius and Cicero
Week 8: Christianity and Feudal State; Thoughts on the State by Aurelius Augustinus and Thomas Aquinas
Week 9: Niccolò Machiavelli’s Views on the State
Week 10: Jean Bodin's Thoughts on Sovereignty and the State
Week 11: Social Contract Theories by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rousseau
Week 12: Montesquieu's Separation of Powers; Socialist State and Fascist State Concepts.

• Midterm 40%
• Final 60%